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Food Business Review | Friday, February 11, 2022

From robotics & extrusion to data analytics & new learning techniques, technological advancements add value to modern bakeries.
FREMONT, CA: Over the past few years, improvements in baking equipment have accounted for some of the most evident technological transformations in the bakery. Recently, a technique called OH(Ohmic Heating) has successfully made gluten-free bread, in which the bread itself acts as a conductor for electricity.
The scientists from Switzerland and Austria used electric shocks to heat the gluten-free bread from the inside, saving a considerable amount of energy and time compared to traditional baking. Then, the heat was applied from the outside.
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OH produces excellent bread because of the volumetric heating principle and quicker healing rates.
Impact on physical, nutritional properties of GF bread
The amount of the Ohmic bread was 10 % to 30 % greater in contrast to the control bread. Also, it owned a softer and more elastic crumb, and the pores were smaller and smoothly distributed.
The tests carried out using in-vitro methods revealed that OH did not affect the nutritional aspects of the bread. In fact, by slightly decreasing the starch digestibility, the bread resulted in higher resistant starch content, related to several health benefits.
The highlight is that the bread was prepared with less time and energy, which is significantly beneficial for the manufacturing industry.
The Ohmic bread's color was much lighter compared to the control bread. However, the researchers pointed out it to be a Maillard reaction.
The benefit of instantaneous heat of OH
Conventional baking's slow heating is a considerable drawback in producing gluten-free bread.
Wheat protein or gluten, the element liable for the structure of the dough and its expansion, are absent in gluten-free items and products. Hence, starch is typically substituted. The starch becomes gelatinised due to the heat, which sums up the bread's structure.
Still, a much more significant portion of water is required for gluten-free bread formulations. The outcome is lower dough viscosity and makes it more liquid and thinner.
Researchers discovered that gas retention was reinforced because of a better structure fixation at an early phase of baking, which resulted from the quick and uniform heating of the whole dough mass during OH, specifically advantaging the gluten-free bread's production.
The generation of heat within the whole dough is instant. This is the most significant benefit that Ohmic heat technology offers. The scientists are looking forward to making more improvements in it for better results.
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